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Chandrayaan 3: Overview, Objectives, Launch Vehicle, and Reactions | ISRO’s Third Lunar Mission

Chandrayaan 3 is the latest lunar mission by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). It is the third lunar exploration mission after the successes of Chandrayaan 1 and Chandrayaan 2. The aim of launching the Chandrayaan 3 is to achieve a successful soft landing on the Moon’s surface.

Chandrayaan 3 was launched on July 14. Chandrayaan 1 was launched in 2008 and Chandrayaan 2 was launched in 2019.

Chandrayaan 3 Journey & Communication

After 4 years, Chandrayaan 3 was launched on 14 July 2013. After launch, it initially entered an elliptical orbit around the Earth, gradually gained altitude, and then switched to an elliptical orbit around the Moon on August 5. After closing the distance to the moon, the lander separated from the propulsion module on the 17th, and on the 21st it was separated from the orbiter of Chandrayaan 2, which was scheduled to be reused as a relay aircraft. Communication was established. On the 23rd, once the safety of the landing site was confirmed, Chandrayaan-3 entered an automatic landing sequence, descended for about 20 minutes, and made a soft landing on the lunar surface at 9:34 p.m. on Manzinus Crater (also known as Manzinus), which has a diameter of approximately 96 km. The aircraft made a safe soft landing near the southeast. The mission control room of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is aware of every step of Chandrayaan 3 and announced the news.  India is the first country to successfully land on the moon, and only the fourth country after Russia (former Soviet Union), the United States, and China. It is also the world’s first landing near the moon’s south pole. On 23 August, India made history by landing on the Moon’s south pole.

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Chandrayaan 3 Mission Objectives

Chandrayaan 3 is the third lunar exploration mission by ISRO. It was built and launched with the aim of success and lessons learned from Chandrayaan 1 and Chandrayaan 2. Let’s more read about the mission objective of Chandrayaan 3

• Safe Landing: The primary objective of launching Chandrayaan 3 is to achieve a safe landing on the lunar surface, especially in the south-polar region. No country has successfully landed on the southern region of the Moon.  This mission is a demonstration of India’s capacity to execute a controlled landing on the south region of the moon. After completing the milestone of lunar exploration, India became the first country to land on the south lunar surface. This landing will contribute to the growing knowledge for the future manned and unmanned mission to the moon

• Rover: The Chandrayaan 3 mission demonstrates the operations of the solar-powered rover named Pragyan, which means “wisdom” in Sanskrit. The rover is full of scientific instruments to check the chemical and elemental composition of the lunar surface of the south region. By successful landing of the rover on the lunar surface, the mission aims to showcase India’s technological power in designing and operating robotic systems.

• Scientific Research: The secondary objective of launching the Chandrayaan 3 is to conduct a series of scientific research and experiments on the lunar surface. As said, Chandrayaan 3 is loaded with a suite of scientific instruments to study the lunar environment, geology and surface of the lunar surface. It is designed to note every activity about the moon. This experiment will collect valuable data which will help to understand the moon’s composition, structure and evolutionary history.  It can be global scientific data to reveal the mysteries of the moon. The aim of searching on the moon is to seek potential future exploration and habitation on the moon.

• Advanced Space Technology: Chandrayaan 3 serves as an advanced space technology and capabilities to India. By successful landing and rover operation on the moon. ISRO is aiming to expand the designing, building and operating of complex space missions. This whole mission provides an opportunity to test and validate new technology, which can help in future lunar or space exploration

• International collaboration: After all the scientific and technological objectives, Chandrayaan 3 aims to strengthen international collaboration with the global space community. By gathering rare lunar data, scientific findings and technological development, ISRO aims to build a collective knowledge base and collaboration with other space centres around the world.  ISRO achievements and discoveries by Chandrayaan 3 are expected to enrich the global scientific community

Chandrayaan 3 Launch Vehicle

Chandrayaan 3 is launched and utilizes ISRO’s Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) Mk III, known for its reliability and capability to carry heavy payloads. It was developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation and it is India’s most powerful launch vehicle for space.

GSLV Mk III is a three-stage space vehicle with a 43 m in height and can carry 640 tonnes of lift-off weight. It has two solid boosters attached to the core stage and is powered by liquid engines. It is designed to carry at least 4,000 kg to the geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO) and up to 10,000 kg to low Earth orbit (LEO), which makes it perfect for the Chandrayaan 3.

The same vehicle is used in several successful missions like Chandrayaan 2. Well, the orbiter and lander of Chandrayaan 2 were successfully placed in lunar orbit, but the lander’s soft landing attempt was not successful. That is why, the vehicle is used in the Chandrayaan 3 and India made history. It is the right choice to choose the GSLV Mk III for the Chandrayaan 3 mission.

Chandrayaan 3 Domestic & International Reaction

The successful landing of the Chandrayaan 3 mission by the ISRP has gained widespread celebration and recognition both domestically and internationally.

Domestic Reaction

• The live stream of launching Chandrayaan 3 on YouTube received 8 million viewers, which is the highest in YouTube history.

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated the ISRO team and announced the name of the point where Chandrayaan landed is “Shiv Shakti Point”. He also declared this day as  National Space Day.

• Regions around India like Nepal, express their happiness and congratulate India for the successful landing of Chandrayaan 3. The prime minister of Nepal Pushpa Kamal Dahal congratulates Prime Minister Narendra Modi and the ISRO team.

International Reaction

• The United States Department of State and NASA Administrator Bill Nelson congratulated India after the soft landing of Chandrayaan 3.

• The Foreign Minister of Maldives, Abdulla Shahdi, called and congratulated Prime Minister Modi for the success of ISRO Chandrayaan 3 mission. He highlighted the significance of India’s achievement in their media and public too.

• Director General Josef Aschbacher from the European Space Agency extended congratulations to ISRO and India. He expressed that this mission will bring new technologies and valuable data to the world.

• Professor Anu Ojha OBE, Championing Space Director at the UK Space Agency, praised India’s engineering and the significance of Chandrayaan-3’s successful landing. He highlights that this is evidence of a new era in space exploration achieved by India in history.

• President Cyril Ramaphosa congratulated India on behalf of the BRICS family, He expressed their joy at India’s success.

• Fawad Chaudhry, the ex-Minister of Information and Broadcasting in the Imran Khan government, also congratulated ISRO on Chandrayaan-3’s successful landing.

FAQs:-

1. What is Chandrayaan 3?
Answer: Chandrayaan 3 is India’s third lunar exploration mission conducted by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).

2. When was Chandrayaan 3 launched?
Answer: Chandrayaan 3 was launched on July 14, 2013.

3. What are the objectives of Chandrayaan 3?
Answer: The primary objectives include achieving a safe landing on the lunar surface, deploying the Pragyan rover, and conducting scientific research on the Moon.

4. What is the significance of Chandrayaan 3’s landing site?
Answer: Chandrayaan 3 made a historic soft landing near the lunar south pole, contributing valuable data for future lunar missions and exploration.

5. What is the name of the rover deployed in Chandrayaan 3?
Answer: The rover deployed in Chandrayaan 3 is named Pragyan, which means “wisdom” in Sanskrit.

6. What type of launch vehicle was used for Chandrayaan 3?
Answer: Chandrayaan 3 utilized ISRO’s Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) Mk III.

7. How does Chandrayaan 3 benefit India’s space exploration efforts?
Answer: Chandrayaan 3 showcases India’s technological capabilities in lunar exploration and contributes to scientific research and advancements in space technology.

8. What are the international reactions to Chandrayaan 3’s success?
Answer: Countries like the United States, Maldives, and the UK Space Agency congratulated India on the successful landing of Chandrayaan 3.

9. How does Chandrayaan 3 track its progress?
Answer: Chandrayaan 3 utilizes communication systems to relay data and updates to mission control at ISRO.

10. What scientific instruments are onboard Chandrayaan 3?
Answer: Chandrayaan 3 is equipped with scientific instruments to study the chemical composition and geology of the lunar surface.

11. How does Chandrayaan 3 contribute to global space exploration efforts?
Answer: Chandrayaan 3’s data and findings contribute to the collective knowledge base of lunar exploration, benefitting international space agencies and scientific communities.

12. What makes Chandrayaan 3’s landing unique?
Answer: Chandrayaan 3’s soft landing near the lunar south pole marks a significant achievement in lunar exploration, offering new insights into this region.

13. What are the dimensions and capabilities of GSLV Mk III?
Answer: GSLV Mk III is a three-stage launch vehicle capable of carrying heavy payloads to geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO) or low Earth orbit (LEO).

14. How does Chandrayaan 3 enhance India’s space technology?
Answer: Chandrayaan 3 serves as a platform to test and validate advanced space technologies, contributing to India’s expertise in space exploration.

15. How does Chandrayaan 3 support future manned missions?
Answer: Chandrayaan 3’s success provides valuable insights and data for planning future manned missions to the Moon.

16. What role does ISRO play in Chandrayaan 3’s operations?
Answer: ISRO oversees all aspects of Chandrayaan 3’s mission, including launch, trajectory, communication, and data analysis.

17. How does Chandrayaan 3 promote international collaboration?
Answer: Chandrayaan 3’s findings and technological advancements foster collaboration with other space agencies, enhancing global cooperation in space exploration.

18. What are the potential applications of Chandrayaan 3’s research findings?
Answer: Chandrayaan 3’s research findings can have applications in fields such as planetary science, aerospace engineering, and future space missions.

19. How does Chandrayaan 3 inspire future generations?
Answer: Chandrayaan 3’s success inspires curiosity, innovation, and interest in space exploration among students, researchers, and the general public.

20. What are the future plans for lunar exploration after Chandrayaan 3?
Answer: ISRO continues to plan future lunar missions, including manned missions, utilizing the insights and data gathered from Chandrayaan 3.

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